Problem with Auth.Net Automated Billing for subscription clients in WHMCS

Hello,

We use the latest version of WHMCS and we're currently experiencing the following issue for our clients who have subscriptions:
WHMCS cannot automatically charge users who already used their CC via CIM or echeck gateways

The are no exclusions - all attempts to automatically capture CC payments fail with this error: Error E00027, Card Code is required.

This is an example of the full response we get (X's replace personal info):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><createCustomerProfileTransactionResponse xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="AnetApi/xml/v1/schema/AnetApiSchema.xsd"><messages><resultCode>Error</resultCode><message><code>E00027</code><text>Card Code is required.</text></message></messages><directResponse>3,2,33,Card Code is required.,,XXXX,CC,auth_capture,XXXX,XXX,XXX,,XXX XXX,XXXr,XX,XXXX,AF,XXXXX,,XXXX@gmail.com,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,XXXXX,,,,,,,,,,,,,XXXX9764,MasterCard,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,</directResponse></createCustomerProfileTransactionResponse>

Echecks fail with this error:
Response Reason Code => 33
Response Reason Text => Bank account number is required.

We have to manually resubmit payment details for clients to renew subscriptions.

We do have profile info stored and everything seems to be OK (usual payments go through fine)

For CC payments, we think this is related to the fact that the system is not allowed to store CVC code.

Can anyone give advice on how this can be resolved?

Thanks.
Yemi.